The process of designing, building, and selecting the right materials for your custom furniture can feel overwhelming, given the variety of options and technical terminology involved. However, understanding each detail is crucial to making an informed and worthwhile investment. Below, we’ve provided a glossary to clarify the technical terms featured throughout our website, all of which are key to the customization process.

Wood Selection

The type of wood you choose for your custom furniture is one of the most important decisions in the design process. Below, we’ve outlined some key terms you’ll encounter when selecting wood, as well as what each term means for your furniture’s durability, appearance, and environmental impact.

Hardwood vs. Softwood

  • Hardwood: Comes from deciduous trees (trees that shed their leaves) and is typically denser and more durable. Examples include oak, walnut, and maple. Hardwood is ideal for high-traffic furniture pieces, as it offers strength in joinery as wood screws hold tighter. 
  • Softwood: Comes from coniferous trees (evergreens) and tends to be lighter and more affordable than hardwood. Pine and cedar are common softwoods. Softwoods are often used in budget-friendly or rustic designs.

Kiln-Dried Wood

  • Kiln-Dried: Refers to the process of drying wood in a controlled kiln to remove moisture. This process helps stabilize the wood, reducing the risk of warping, cracking, or shrinking over time. Kiln-dried wood is ideal for ensuring the longevity and stability of your furniture.

FSC Certification (Forest Stewardship Council)

  • FSC Certification: Indicates that the wood used in your furniture comes from responsibly managed forests. The FSC certification ensures that the forest is sustainably harvested and that the workers involved in the process are treated ethically. Choosing FSC-certified wood helps protect the environment and promotes responsible sourcing.

Plywood & PureBond

  • Plywood: A type of engineered wood made from thin layers (or "plies") of wood veneer that are glued together with the grain alternating at right angles. Plywood is strong, durable, and less likely to warp than solid wood.
  • PureBond: Refers to a formaldehyde-free adhesive used in some plywood. PureBond technology ensures a healthier indoor air quality by eliminating harmful chemicals typically found in traditional plywood adhesives. It's a great option for those looking for environmentally conscious materials.

OSB (Oriented Strand Board)

  • OSB: A cost-effective alternative to plywood, OSB is made from compressed wood strands that are bonded together with resin. While not as aesthetically pleasing as hardwoods, OSB is strong and commonly used in structural applications like subflooring or cabinetry.

MDF (Medium-Density Fiberboard) & Particle Board

  • MDF: A dense, engineered wood product made from wood fibers that are compressed and bonded with resin. It has a smooth surface, making it ideal for painted furniture or intricate detailing. However, it’s not as durable as hardwood and can be prone to moisture damage.
  • Particle Board: Similar to MDF, particle board is made from wood chips, sawdust, and resin. It's typically more affordable than other wood products but may not be as sturdy or long-lasting. It’s commonly used in budget-friendly furniture or as a core material for veneered surfaces.

Eco-Friendly Considerations

When investing in custom furniture, it’s important to consider not just the design and functionality, but also its environmental impact. To help you make an informed choice, we've highlighted key eco-friendly certifications that ensure your furniture contributes to both a healthier home and a healthier planet.

Certifications

Certifications ensure that your furniture is made with materials and processes that meet specific health, safety, and environmental standards. Below are a few key certifications to look for when choosing eco-friendly furniture:

  • CertiPUR-US®: This certification applies to foam products (such as cushions and mattresses) and ensures that the foam is made without harmful chemicals, including formaldehyde, phthalates, and ozone-depleting substances. CertiPUR-US® foam is also tested for low emissions, making it a safer option for indoor air quality.

    • Why It Matters: Choosing CertiPUR-US® certified foam means you're selecting a product that is safer for both you and the environment. It ensures that the foam is free from harmful chemicals and made with processes that minimize environmental impact.
  • OEKO-TEX® Standard 100: OEKO-TEX® is an independent testing and certification system for textile products. It ensures that fabrics and materials used in your furniture are free from harmful levels of over 100 substances that could be harmful to human health. The OEKO-TEX® label is commonly found on upholstery fabrics, cushions, and mattresses.

    • Why It Matters: Choosing OEKO-TEX® certified fabrics ensures that the textiles in your furniture are safe, non-toxic, and produced with environmental sustainability in mind.

By choosing eco-friendly certified materials and understanding the impact of chemicals like VOCs and formaldehyde, you make a conscious decision to protect both your health and the environment. These considerations ensure that your custom furniture is not only beautifully designed but also aligned with your values for sustainability.

Springs and Suspension Systems for Seating

The suspension system in seating is crucial for comfort, durability, and support. Different types of springs and suspension materials provide distinct benefits depending on the desired feel and function of your custom furniture. Below are the main types of suspension systems used in high-quality seating:

Non-Sag Sinuous Springs

  • Non-Sag Sinuous Springs: Often referred to as sinuous wire springs, these are a common suspension system used in upholstered seating. They consist of continuous wires that are shaped into an "S" or zigzag pattern across the frame of the seat. The springs are arranged in a series, providing a resilient foundation for the cushion, allowing for consistent support and comfort.
    • Why It Matters: Non-sag sinuous springs are known for their durability and ability to maintain their shape over time. They provide firm support and are often used in mid-range to high-end furniture due to their long-lasting qualities. These springs are particularly effective in preventing sagging and ensuring the seat retains its firmness and comfort for years.

Coil Springs

  • Coil Springs: Coil springs are traditional and often considered a premium choice for seating support. These springs are individually coiled and usually arranged in rows or grids to provide support across the seating area. In some cases, coil springs are paired with other materials like foam or down to create a layered comfort experience.
    • Why It Matters: Coil springs offer excellent support and are known for their high resilience and ability to conform to the body’s weight and shape. They are particularly effective in luxury furniture, offering a high level of comfort and a supportive, "bouncy" feel. Over time, coil springs maintain their performance and help extend the lifespan of the seating.

Webbing

  • Webbing: Webbing is a suspension system made of strong, woven elastic straps that stretch across the frame of the furniture, providing a foundation for the cushions. Webbing can be used on its own or in combination with springs for added support. There are two common types: elastic webbing (made from latex or rubber) and jute webbing (a more traditional, non-elastic material).
    • Why It Matters: Webbing offers a lightweight and cost-effective alternative to more traditional spring systems. It is flexible and provides a firmer, more supportive base that is ideal for certain styles of seating. While elastic webbing is often used in lower-end to mid-range furniture, it’s also found in higher-end pieces as part of a multi-layered suspension system that includes both webbing and other materials like foam or down for additional comfort.

Each suspension system contributes to the overall feel of the furniture. For example, non-sag sinuous springs tend to offer more consistent support, coil springs provide luxurious bounce and comfort, and webbing offers firm, cost-effective support. The choice between these systems will depend on your desired level of comfort, longevity, and budget.

Foam Selection for Seating

Foam is a crucial component in the comfort and durability of custom furniture. Its properties, such as density, firmness, and resiliency, directly impact how the furniture feels and performs over time. Below, we explain these terms and the types of foam commonly used in furniture manufacturing.

Density vs. Firmness

  • Density: Density refers to the weight of the foam per cubic foot. The higher the density, the more material is packed into the foam, which generally results in greater durability, support, and longer-lasting performance. For instance, a high-density foam will withstand compression and retain its shape for a longer period.
    • Why It Matters: Higher-density foam is ideal for furniture that needs to maintain its shape and support over time, such as cushions and seats in frequently used pieces.
  • Firmness: Firmness refers to how hard or soft the foam feels when you sit on it. It's influenced by the foam's density, but it can also be affected by the type of foam used and any additional layers or materials added. Firmness is typically measured on a scale of soft to firm, with firmer foams providing more support and softer foams offering a cushier feel.
    • Why It Matters: When choosing foam, consider your personal preference for comfort as well as the type of furniture you're designing. Softer foams are perfect for casual lounging, while firmer options are best for seating that requires more structure and support.

Resiliency

  • Resiliency: Resiliency refers to the foam's ability to bounce back after being compressed. A highly resilient foam will return to its original shape more quickly after pressure is removed, helping maintain the comfort and support of your furniture over time.
    • Why It Matters: Resiliency is essential for maintaining the shape and feel of cushions, particularly in high-use furniture like sofas or chairs. Foams with higher resiliency prevent sagging, ensuring that the seating remains comfortable and supportive for years.

White Foam

  • White Foam: Often referred to as polyurethane foam, this is one of the most commonly used types of foam in furniture. White foam is versatile, lightweight, and relatively inexpensive, making it a popular choice for cushions, mattresses, and upholstery.
    • Why It Matters: White foam is generally used for medium-density cushions. It's suitable for applications where a balance of comfort and affordability is desired, though it may not last as long as higher-density options. It is often layered with other materials to enhance comfort or durability.

Blue Foam

  • Blue Foam: Blue foam, often referred to as high-density polyurethane foam, typically has a higher density than white foam and is commonly used in higher-end furniture applications. The blue color is a distinguishing feature of this foam, which is designed to offer a firmer, more supportive feel.
    • Why It Matters: Blue foam is known for its durability and is often used in the seat cushions and backrests of high-quality furniture. Its higher density and improved resiliency make it a good choice for seating that needs to maintain its shape and support over time, offering a longer-lasting solution compared to standard white foam.

Qualux Foam

  • Qualux Foam: Qualux foam is a high-density, premium-grade foam that is known for its superior resilience and long-lasting durability. It is typically used in high-end furniture and mattresses because it offers excellent support while maintaining a soft, comfortable feel. Qualux foam often features a unique blend of materials that allows it to bounce back more quickly after compression, providing long-term comfort.
    • Why It Matters: Qualux foam is a popular choice for luxury furniture where both comfort and durability are paramount. Its ability to maintain shape without sagging makes it ideal for high-use seating, such as sofas and lounge chairs, ensuring the furniture remains supportive and comfortable for many years.

The type of foam selected will affect the overall comfort, durability, and longevity of your custom furniture. Whether you prefer the affordability of white foam, the durability of blue foam, or the premium support of Qualux foam, understanding the differences between foam types allows you to make a more informed decision tailored to your needs and preferences.

Fills and Wraps for Cushions and Upholstery

The choice of filling material and wrap plays a key role in the overall comfort, support, and durability of your custom furniture. These materials affect everything from how the cushions feel to how they maintain their shape over time. Below is an explanation of some common fill and wrap options used in high-quality furniture.

Down/Feather Fill & Wrap

  • Down/Feather Fill: Down and feathers are natural fills often used in luxury cushions and upholstery. Down refers to the soft, fluffy underlayer of feathers that birds (like ducks or geese) have, while feathers are the stiffer outer layer. When used in fills, down provides a plush, soft, and lightweight feel, while feathers offer more structure and support.

    • Why It Matters: Down and feather fills create an ultra-soft, comfortable feel with a luxurious, "sink-in" quality. They are perfect for those seeking a plush, cozy seating experience, especially in high-end sofas, chairs, and cushions. However, down and feather fills require regular fluffing to maintain their shape and prevent them from becoming compressed.
  • Down/Feather Wrap: A down/feather wrap surrounds the inner foam core of a cushion, providing a soft, plush layer that enhances the overall comfort. This wrap adds a luxurious feel without sacrificing the support provided by the foam inside.

    • Why It Matters: The down/feather wrap allows you to enjoy the softness and warmth of natural fill while still maintaining the structural support of foam or springs underneath. It’s an excellent option for those who want the best of both worlds—luxury comfort and lasting support.

Microgel Fill & Wrap

  • Microgel Fill: Microgel is a synthetic fill designed to mimic the softness and loftiness of down, offering a similar feel but with the durability and hypoallergenic properties of synthetic materials. It consists of tiny, gel-like fibers that create a soft, plush surface while retaining shape and resilience.

    • Why It Matters: Microgel fill provides a luxurious, down-like experience but without the concerns of allergies or the need for frequent fluffing. It is a great alternative for people who prefer synthetic materials or need a more maintenance-free option while still enjoying a soft, cushioned feel.
  • Microgel Wrap: A microgel wrap is used around the foam core of a cushion to add a soft, comfortable layer of fill. Like the down/feather wrap, it enhances the comfort level of the seating without compromising the support of the foam or other structural elements inside.

    • Why It Matters: The microgel wrap offers the same plush feel as natural down and feathers but with the added benefit of being easier to care for and more durable over time. It also makes an excellent option for those with allergies or sensitivities to natural materials.

Poly-Fill

  • Poly-Fill: Poly-fill, or polyester fill, is a synthetic fiber fill commonly used in cushions, pillows, and upholstery. Poly-fill is affordable, lightweight, and offers a soft, plump feel. It is often used as an alternative to down or feathers in more budget-conscious furniture pieces.
    • Why It Matters: Poly-fill provides a soft, comfortable feel while being easy to care for and maintain. It doesn’t require frequent fluffing like down or feathers, and it’s hypoallergenic, making it a great choice for people with sensitivities. However, poly-fill may compress over time and may not provide the same level of luxury or long-lasting support as higher-end options like down or microgel.

Wraps are typically used in combination with a foam core to enhance the comfort and appearance of cushions. The fill is the material inside the cushion that provides softness and shape, while the wrap helps create a smooth, luxurious outer layer.

  • Down/Feather fills provide a plush, soft touch, while microgel fills offer a similar softness with more durability and hypoallergenic properties.
  • Poly-fill is a practical, affordable option for those looking for soft comfort without the need for maintenance.

Fabrics for Custom Furniture

The fabric you choose for your custom furniture impacts not only the look and feel but also the durability and ease of maintenance. Each fabric type offers distinct qualities in terms of texture, appearance, and care. Below are some common fabric options and what they bring to your furniture:

Textured Weave

  • Textured Weave: A textured weave refers to fabrics that have a visually interesting, tactile surface due to the way the threads are woven together. These fabrics may include natural fibers like linen, cotton, or wool, or synthetic blends, and can feature subtle patterns such as herringbone, basketweave, or tweed.
    • Why It Matters: Textured weave fabrics add depth and dimension to your furniture’s design. They often have a more casual or traditional appearance, making them ideal for pieces that aim to blend comfort with character. The raised or irregular pattern also hides dirt and wear, making them low-maintenance options for high-traffic areas.

Chenille

  • Chenille: Chenille is a plush, velvety fabric that is made by weaving short lengths of fiber into the yarn, creating a soft, tufted texture. This fabric often has a rich, luxurious feel and appears to shimmer under light due to its unique texture.
    • Why It Matters: Chenille offers a soft, comfortable feel and an elegant look, perfect for creating cozy, inviting spaces. It’s commonly used for sofas, chairs, and cushions. However, chenille can be delicate and may show wear and tear more easily than other fabrics, particularly in high-traffic areas, so it's best suited for furniture that is used less frequently.

Bouclé

  • Bouclé: Bouclé is a textured fabric made from looped yarns, creating a distinct, bumpy surface. It’s often made from wool, cotton, or synthetic fibers and has an elegant, sophisticated look with a rich tactile feel.
    • Why It Matters: Bouclé offers a high-end, fashionable look that is perfect for creating statement pieces. It’s often used in luxury furniture, providing a soft but visually interesting texture. However, it may require more maintenance to keep its appearance clean, as the loops can trap dust and debris more easily.

Leatherette

  • Leatherette: Leatherette, also known as faux leather or vinyl, is a synthetic material designed to mimic the look and feel of real leather. It is made from a plastic base and a polyurethane coating, giving it a smooth, durable surface that is easy to clean.
    • Why It Matters: Leatherette is an affordable, low-maintenance alternative to genuine leather, offering the same sleek, modern appearance without the cost. It is water-resistant and relatively easy to clean, making it an excellent option for furniture in homes with children or pets. However, it doesn’t offer the same breathability or luxurious feel as genuine leather.

Italian Full Grain Leather

  • Italian Full Grain Leather: Full-grain leather is the highest quality leather, made from the top layer of the hide. Italian full-grain leather is specifically sourced and crafted in Italy, known for its luxurious texture, durability, and refined finish. It retains the natural imperfections and markings of the hide, which adds to its unique, character-filled appearance.
    • Why It Matters: Italian full-grain leather offers unmatched durability, a rich, deep texture, and a timeless aesthetic. It ages beautifully, developing a patina over time. While more expensive, it’s a long-term investment in comfort and elegance, making it perfect for high-end custom furniture pieces. Full-grain leather also provides excellent breathability and can withstand years of use.

Cleaning Codes

  • Cleaning Codes: Furniture fabrics typically come with cleaning codes that provide guidelines on how to clean and maintain the material. These codes help ensure that your furniture remains in excellent condition while preventing damage to the fabric. Common cleaning codes include:
    • W: Clean with water-based cleaning solutions or a mild detergent.

    • S: Clean with solvent-based cleaners or dry cleaning products. Avoid using water.

    • WS: A combination of water and solvent-based cleaning solutions is safe for this fabric.

    • X: Vacuum only—do not use any water or solvent-based cleaners. Professional cleaning may be required.

    • C: Professional cleaning is recommended. This fabric type may require special care.

    • Why It Matters: Understanding the cleaning code of your fabric is essential to keeping your furniture looking its best. Regular cleaning and maintenance according to the code help preserve the fabric’s appearance and longevity. Always follow the recommended guidelines to avoid damaging your furniture.

Spill Resistance

When selecting fabric for your custom furniture, spill resistance is an important factor to consider, especially for high-traffic areas or homes with children and pets. Fabrics with spill-resistant properties are designed to repel liquids, making them easier to clean and maintain when accidents happen.

Why It Matters:

  • Stain Protection: Fabrics treated for spill resistance typically feature a protective coating or are woven in a way that prevents liquids from soaking into the fibers immediately. This gives you more time to clean up spills before they set in, reducing the risk of staining and damage.
  • Durability: Spill-resistant fabrics are often more durable in everyday use, as they are designed to withstand frequent cleaning and exposure to moisture without losing their integrity. These fabrics help maintain the appearance and longevity of your furniture, even in busy, high-use spaces.
  • Ease of Maintenance: Fabrics with spill-resistant features are easier to clean, requiring only a quick wipe-down or spot cleaning for most spills. This added convenience makes them perfect for family rooms, dining areas, or any space where spills are more likely to occur.